HERE ARE SOME 5 DISEASES THAT SHOOK THE WORLD🗺️🗺️

HERE ARE SOME 5 DISEASES THAT SHOOK THE WORLD 🗺️🗺️

What is a Black Death

The Black Death was a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s. The plague arrived in Europe in October 1347, when 12 ships from the Black Sea docked at the Sicilian port of Messina. Everyone gathered on the docks was amazed: most of the ship's sailors were dead, the survivors were gravely ill and covered with black boils oozing blood and pus. Sicilian authorities rushed to order the fleet of "death ships" to leave port, but it was too late: over the next five years, the Black Death would kill more than 20 million people in Europe - nearly a third of the population. this number of continents

How Did The Black Plague Start?

Even before the “death ships” pulled into port at Messina, many Europeans had heard rumors about a “Great Pestilence” that was carving a deadly path across the trade routes of the Near and Far East. Indeed, in the early 1340s, the disease had struck China, India, Persia, Syria and Egypt.

Although recent studies have shown that the pathogen that caused the Black Death may have existed in Europe as early as 3000 BC. C., the plague is believed to have originated in Asia 2000 years ago and may have spread via merchant ships

Symptoms of the Black Plague

Europeans were scarcely equipped for the horrible reality of the Black Death. “In men and women alike,” the Italian poet Giovanni Boccaccio wrote"Once the disease begins, certain edema appears at the base of the legs and underarms. Common apple-sized beeswax, some egg-sized beeswax, and some less and less It seems.

How Did The Black Death Spread

The Black Death was terrifyingly, indiscriminately contagious: “the mere touching of the clothes,” wrote Boccaccio, “appeared to itself to communicate the malady to the toucher.” The disease was also terrifyingly efficient. People who were perfectly healthy when they went to bed at night could be dead by morning.

How Do You Treat the Black Death?

Physicians relied on crude and unsophisticated techniques such as bloodletting and boil-lancing (practices that were dangerous as well as unsanitary) and superstitious practices such as burning aromatic herbs and bathing in rosewater or vinegar.

Meanwhile, in a panic, healthy people did everything to recover from the disease. Doctors refuse to see patients; the priests refused to perform the final rites; and merchants closed their stores. Many people fled the cities for the countryside, but even there they could not escape the epidemic: it affected cows, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens as well as people

How Did The Black Death End?

The plague never really ended and it returned with a vengeance years later. But officials in the Venetian-controlled port city of Ragusa were able to slow its spread by keeping arriving sailors in isolation until it was clear they were not carrying the disease—creating social distance that relied on isolation to slow the spread of the disease.

The sailors were initially held on their ships for 30 days, a period that was later increased to 40 days, or a quarantine—the origin of the term “quarantine” and a practice still used today. 

2-Smallpox

smallpox was eradicated, it was a serious infectious disease caused by the variola virus. It was contagious—meaning, it spread from one person to another. People who had smallpox had a fever and a distinctive, progressive skin rash.

Most people with smallpox recovered, but about 3 out of every 10 people with the disease died. Many smallpox survivors have permanent scars over large areas of their body, especially their faces. Some are left blind. Thanks to the success of vaccination, smallpox was eradicated, and no cases of naturally occurring smallpox have happened since 1977. The last natural outbreak of smallpox in the United States occurred in 1949. 

Origin of Smallpox

The origin of smallpox is unknown. The finding of smallpox-like rashes on Egyptian mummies suggests that smallpox has existed for at least 3,000 years. The earliest written description of a disease like smallpox appeared in China in the 4th century CE (Common Era). Early written descriptions also appeared in India in the 7th century and in Asia Minor in the 10th century.

Spread of Smallpox

Historians trace the global spread of smallpox to the growth of civilizations and exploration. Expanding trade routes over the centuries also led to the spread of the disease.

How does Smallpox Spread?

Before smallpox was eradicated, it was mainly spread by direct and fairly prolonged face-to-face contact between people. Smallpox patients became contagious once the first sores appeared in their mouth and throat (early rash stage). They spread the virus when they cough or sneeze and droplets from their nose or mouth spread to other people. They remained contagious until their last smallpox scab fell off. These scabs and the fluid found in the patient2019 sores also contained the variola virus. The virus can spread through these materials or through the objects contaminated by them, such as bedding or clothing. People who cared for smallpox patients and washed their bedding or clothing had to wear gloves and take care to not get infected. Rarely, smallpox has spread through the air in enclosed settings, such as a building (airborne route). Smallpox can be spread by humans only. Scientists have no evidence that smallpox can be spread by insects or animals. 

Symptoms

This stage lasts anywhere from 2 to 4 days.

Contagious? Sometimes. Smallpox may be contagious during this phase, but is most contagious during the next 2 stages (early rash and pustular rash and scabs).

The first symptoms include:

High fever

Head and body aches

Sometimes vomiting

At this time, people are usually too sick to carry on their normal activities.

Treatment and prevention

There are vaccines to protect people from smallpox. Currently, the smallpox vaccine is not recommended for the general public because smallpox has been eradicated. If there were a smallpox outbreak, health officials would use a smallpox vaccine to control it. While some antiviral drugs may help treat smallpox disease, there is no treatment for smallpox that has been tested in people who are sick with the disease and proven effective.

Smallpox Vaccine

Smallpox can be avoided by way of the smallpox vaccine, also referred to as vaccinia virus vaccine. The vaccine is made from a virus referred to as vaccinia, which is a poxvirus similar to smallpox, however less harmful. There are two licensed smallpox vaccines in the United States and one investigational vaccine that may be used in a smallpox emergency.

The replication-competent smallpox vaccines (i.e., ACAM2000 and APSV) can guard humans from getting ailing or make the disorder much less extreme if they obtain the vaccine either earlier than or inside a week of coming in contact with smallpox virus. If you get the vaccine:

Before contact with the virus, the vaccine can protect you from getting sick.

Within 3 days of being exposed to the virus, the vaccine may defend you from getting the disease. If you nevertheless get the disease, you may get a whole lot much less unwell than an unvaccinated man or woman would.

Within 4 to 7 days of being exposed to the virus, the vaccine probably offers you some safety from the disease. If you nevertheless get the disease, you may now not get as ailing as an unvaccinated individual would.

3-What Is SARS?

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious form of viral pneumonia caused by the SARS coronavirus. The virus that causes SARS was first identified in 2003.

The World Health Organization has designated SARS a global health threat. In 2003, an epidemic killed approximately 774 peopleTrusted Source worldwide before it was successfully contained.

No new cases of SARS have been reported since 2004.

What Are the Symptoms of SARS?

SARS symptoms are similar to those of the flu, including:

fever over 100.4°F

dry cough

sore throat

problems breathing, including shortness of breath

headache

body aches

loss of appetite

malaise

night sweats and chills

confusion

rash

diarrhea

Respiratory problems appear within two to 10 days of a person's exposure to the virus. Health officials will isolate a person with the above symptoms and family members if they have ever traveled abroad. The person will be quarantined for 10 days to prevent the virus from spreading. Factors that increase the risk of illness include close contact with someone diagnosed with SARS and a history of travel to any other country where SARS outbreaks have been reported.

How Is SARS Spread?

SARS can be spread when an infected person sneezes, coughs, or comes into direct contact with another person. Face to face contact refers to: caring for people with SARS contact with bodily fluids of a person with SARS kissing, hugging, touching or sharing utensils with a sick person You can also get SARS by touching a surface contaminated with respiratory droplets from an infected person, then touching your eyes, mouth, or nose. The disease can also be spread by air, but researchers have not confirmed this.

How Is SARS Diagnosed?

Various lab tests have been developed to detect the SARS virus. During the first outbreak of SARS, there were no laboratory tests for the disease. Diagnosis was made primarily through symptoms and medical history. Now, laboratory tests can be performed on nasal and throat swabs or blood samples. A chest X-ray or CT scan may also reveal signs of pneumonia characteristic of SARS.

How Can SARS Be Treated?

There is no confirmed treatment that works for every person who has SARS. Antiviral medications and steroids are sometimes given to reduce lung swelling, but aren’t effective for everyone.

Supplemental oxygen or a ventilator may be prescribed if necessary. In severe cases, blood plasma from someone who has already recovered from SARS may also be administered. However, there is not yet enough evidence to pro

4-What Is Ebola?

Ebola is a serious and deadly virus transmitted by animals and humans. It was initially detected in 1976 in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Researchers named the disease after the Ebola River. Until recently, Ebola appeared in Africa only.

Although the Ebola virus has been around for more than 35 years, the largest outbreak began in West Africa in March 2014. Compared with previous epidemics, the epidemic has become more deadly, serious and widespread. Since the peak of the outbreak, the number of cases has been greatly reduced, but there are still new outbreak possibilities. Knowing the facts about the virus can help prevent the spread of this deadly infection. Risk factors and transmission Unlike other types of viruses, the Ebola virus cannot be spread through the air or only through touch. It must have direct contact with the body fluids of the person who suffers from it. The virus can spread through the following channels:

blood

diarrhea

breast milk

feces

saliva

semen

sweat

urine

vomit

These bodily fluids can all carry the Ebola virus. Transmission can occur via the eyes, nose, mouth, broken skin, or sexual contact. Healthcare workers are especially at risk for contracting Ebola because they often deal with blood and bodily fluids.

What Are the Symptoms of Ebola?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and PreventionTrusted Source (CDC), Ebola symptoms typically appear within 8 to 10 days after exposure; however, symptoms can appear as early as two days after exposure or take as long as three weeks to appear.

Extreme fatigue is often the first and most prominent symptom. Other symptoms include:

diarrhea

fever

headache

muscle pain

stomach pain

unexplained bleeding or bruising

vomiting

If you’ve come in contact with or provided care to someone diagnosed with Ebola or handled infected animals and have any symptoms you should seek immediate medical attention.

How Is Ebola Diagnosed?

The early symptoms of Ebola can closely mimic other diseases like the flu, malaria, and typhoid fever.

Blood tests can identify antibodies of the Ebola virus. These may also reveal:

either unusually low or high white blood cell counts

low platelet counts

elevated liver enzymes

abnormal coagulation factor levels

In addition to blood tests, a doctor will also consider whether others in the patient’s community could be at risk.

Since Ebola may occur within three weeks of exposure, anyone with possible exposure might undergo an incubation period of the same timeframe. If no symptoms appear within 21 days, Ebola is ruled out.

How Is Ebola Treated?

The Ebola virus does not have a cure or vaccine at this time. Instead, measures are taken to keep the person as comfortable as possible. Supportive care measures may include:

giving medications to maintain blood pressure

managing electrolyte balances

providing extra oxygen, if needed

providing intravenous and/or oral fluids to prevent dehydration

treating coexisting infections

preventing other infections from occurring

administering blood products if indicated.

Prevention

Individuals can take precautions to prevent AVALANCHE. This step includes: Avoid contacting with blood and body fluids available in the consciousness of the shop to treat the body of a deceased person from a deceased person from a deceased person Deceased person from a healthy person. Wear protection around the animal, please refrain from manipulating objects. People with Bolala (including clothes, bedding, needles or medical equipment) medical workers and laboratory technicians must handle preventive measures. This includes wearing protection dresses, gloves, masks and eye shields when you are isolating people with Ebola (Ebola) and in contact with infected persons or property. Careful protocols and elimination of these protective materials are also important for the prevention of infections. The cleaning crew must use a whitening solution to clean the floor and the surface that can be in contact with the Ebola virus. 

5-Avian influenza or bird flu?

Bird flu, also called avian influenza, is a viral infection that can infect not only birds, but also humans and other animals. Most forms of the virus are restricted to birds.

H5N1 is the most common form of bird flu. It’s deadly to birds and can easily affect humans and other animals that come in contact with a carrier. According to the World Health OrganizationTrusted Source, H5N1 was first discovered in humans in 1997 and has killed nearly 60 percent of those infected.

Currently, the virus isn’t known to spread via human-to-human contact. Still, some experts worry that H5N1 may pose a risk of becoming a pandemic threat to humans.

What are the symptoms of bird flu?

You may have an H5N1 infection if you experience typical flu-like symptoms such as:

cough

diarrhea

respiratory difficulties

fever (over 100.4°F or 38°C)

headache

muscle aches

malaise

runny nose

sore throat

If you’re exposed to bird flu, you should notify staff before you arrive at the doctor’s office or hospital. Alerting them ahead of time will allow them to take precautions to protect staff and other patients before caring for you.

What causes bird flu?

Although there are several types of bird flu, H5N1 was the first avian influenza virus to infect humans. The first infection occurred in Hong Kong in 1997. The outbreak was linked to handling infected poultry.

H5N1 occurs naturally in wild waterfowl, but it can spread easily to domestic poultry. The disease is transmitted to humans through contact with infected bird feces, nasal secretions, or secretions from the mouth or eyes.

Consuming properly cooked poultry or eggs from infected birds doesn’t transmit the bird flu, but eggs should never be served runny. Meat is considered safe if it has been cooked to an internal temperature of 165ºF (73.9ºC).

What are bird flu risk factors?

H5N1 has the ability to survive for extended periods of time. Birds infected with H5N1 continue to release the virus in feces and saliva for as long as 10 days. Touching contaminated surfaces can spread the infection.

You may have a greater risk of contracting H5N1 if you are:

a poultry farmer

a traveler visiting affected areas

exposed to infected birds

someone who eats undercooked poultry or eggs

a healthcare worker caring for infected patients

a household member of an infected person

How is bird flu diagnosed?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source has approved a test designed to identify avian influenza. The test is called influenza A/H5 (Asian lineage) virus real-time RT-PCR primer and probe set. It can offer preliminary results in only four hours. However, the test isn’t widely available.

Your doctor may also perform the following tests to look for the presence of the virus that causes bird flu:

auscultation (a test that detects abnormal breath sounds)

white blood cell differential

nasopharyngeal culture

chest X-ray

Additional tests can be done to assess the functioning of your heart, kidneys, and liver.

What’s the treatment for bird flu?

Different sorts of hen flu can cause exceptional symptoms. As a result, remedies may also vary.

In most cases, remedies with antiviral medicine such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza) can help decrease the severity of the disease. However, the medication ought to be taken inside forty eight hours after signs first appear.

The virus that motives the human shape of the flu can enhance resistance to the two most common forms of antiviral medications, amantadine and rimantadine (Flumadine). These medications shouldn’t be used to treat the disease.

Your household or others in shut contact with you may also be prescribed antivirals as a preventive measure, even if they aren’t sick. You’ll be placed in isolation to avoid spreading the virus to others.

Your doctor may place you on a breathing machine if you develop a severe infection.

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